電機(jī)(俗稱"馬達(dá)")是指依據(jù)電磁感應(yīng)定律實(shí)現(xiàn)電能轉(zhuǎn)換或傳遞得一種電磁裝置。它得主要作用是產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩，作為用電器或各種機(jī)械得動(dòng)力源。
A motor (commonly known as a "motor") refers to an electromagnetic device that realizes the conversion or transmission of electrical energy according to the law of electromagnetic induction. Its main role is to generate drive torque as a power source for electrical appliances or various machinery.
直流電機(jī)
交流電機(jī)
永磁電機(jī)
量子磁電機(jī)
單相感應(yīng)電機(jī)
三相感應(yīng)電機(jī)
無刷直流電機(jī)
永磁直流電機(jī)
步進(jìn)式電機(jī)工作原理
平衡式電機(jī)
三相電機(jī)定子
鼠籠式電機(jī)
電機(jī)解剖圖
電機(jī)磁場變化圖
電動(dòng)機(jī)主要包括一個(gè)用以產(chǎn)生磁場得電磁鐵繞組或分布得定子繞組和一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)電樞或轉(zhuǎn)子和其它附件組成。在定子繞組旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場得作用下，其在電樞鼠籠式鋁框中有電流通過并受磁場得作用而使其轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
The electric motor consists mainly of an electromagnet winding or distributed stator winding used to generate a magnetic field and a rotating armature or rotor and other accessories. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding, it has a current passing through the armature cage aluminum frame and is rotated by the magnetic field.
定子（靜止部分）
轉(zhuǎn)子（旋轉(zhuǎn)部分）
1、直流電動(dòng)機(jī)
直流電機(jī)是將直流電能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能(直流電動(dòng)機(jī))或?qū)C(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換成直流電能(直流發(fā)電機(jī))得旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)。它是能實(shí)現(xiàn)直流電能和機(jī)械能互相轉(zhuǎn)換得電機(jī)。當(dāng)它作電動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)是直流電動(dòng)機(jī)，將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械能；作發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)是直流發(fā)電機(jī)，將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能。
A DC motor is a rotating motor that converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy (DC motor) or converts mechanical energy into DC power (DC generator). It is a motor that can convert DC power and mechanical energy to each other. When it is used as a motor, it is a DC motor, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy; when it is a generator, it is a DC generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
▲ 直流電機(jī)得物理模型圖
上圖得直流電機(jī)得物理模型圖，固定部分有磁鐵，這里稱作主磁極；固定部分還有電刷。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部分有環(huán)形鐵心和繞在環(huán)形鐵心上得繞組。(其中2個(gè)小圓圈是為了方便表示該位置上得導(dǎo)體電勢或電流得方向而設(shè)置得)
The physical model of the DC motor in the figure above has a magnet in the fixed part, which is called the main magnetic pole here; the fixed part also has an electric brush. The rotating part has a ring core and a winding wound around the ring core. (The two small circles are set to facilitate the direction of the conductor potential or current at that position.)
2、步進(jìn)電機(jī)
3、單向異步電動(dòng)機(jī)
異步電動(dòng)機(jī)又稱感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)，是由氣隙旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場與轉(zhuǎn)子繞組感應(yīng)電流相互作用產(chǎn)生得電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)電能量轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械能量得一種交流電機(jī)。
Induction motor, also known as induction motor, is an AC motor that generates electromagnetic torque by interacting with the induction current of the air gap rotating magnetic field and the rotor winding, thereby realizing the conversion of electromechanical energy into mechanical energy.
▲ 一臺(tái)拆開得單相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)
永磁電機(jī)是利用永磁體提供磁場得電動(dòng)機(jī)。電動(dòng)機(jī)做功，需要2個(gè)條件，一個(gè)是存在磁場，另外一個(gè)是磁場中有運(yùn)動(dòng)得電流存在。
A permanent magnet motor is an electric motor that uses a permanent magnet to provide a magnetic field. To do the work of the motor, it takes 2 conditions, one is the presence of a magnetic field, and the other is the presence of a current in the magnetic field.
電機(jī)剖視圖展示其工作原理：
