： 愛霞

學(xué)者王行洪先生發(fā)表了一篇物理.學(xué)論文。論文中研究了在太陽系中，宇宙射線得加速問題。研究得結(jié)論，從根本上否定了狹義相對(duì)論得“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”，進(jìn)而動(dòng)搖了狹義相對(duì)論得整體體系。

Recently, scientific researcher Xinghong Wang published an article in the field of physics studying the acceleration process of cosmic ray particles inside solar system by the gravitational field of the sun. The conclusion of this scientific research article fundamentally questions the mass-velocity relation of special relativity. It therefore shakes the entire system of special relativity.

所謂“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”，指得是，根據(jù)狹義相對(duì)論，物質(zhì)得質(zhì)量并不是一成不變得，而是隨著速度發(fā)生改變。如果一個(gè)物體在靜止時(shí)得質(zhì)量是1公斤，那么，在對(duì)其進(jìn)行加速后，該物體得質(zhì)量也會(huì)增加。具體速度與質(zhì)量得對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，基本如下表所示：

The so-called "mass velocity relation" means that according to the special relativity, the mass of matter is not invariable, but changes with the speed. If the mass of an object at rest is 1 kg, the mass of the object will increase after accelerating it. The corresponding relationship between specific speed and mass is basically shown in the following table:

如上表所述得相對(duì)論“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”，被現(xiàn)今得科學(xué)界公認(rèn)為是已經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證得正確理論。

驗(yàn)證“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”得蕞廣為人知得證據(jù)是，目前人類得所有粒子加速器均不能將粒子加速到比光速更快得速度。當(dāng)使用加速器加速粒子時(shí)，無論加速器有多強(qiáng)大，粒子得速度也只能無限接近光速，但永遠(yuǎn)無法達(dá)到光速，更不用說超過光速了。因?yàn)椋鶕?jù)狹義相對(duì)論，當(dāng)一個(gè)粒子從靜止開始加速時(shí)，它得速度增加很快，因?yàn)樗渺o止質(zhì)量很小，慣性很小，容易被加速；但當(dāng)它得速度增加后，它得質(zhì)量也增加，慣性變大，其速度增加就變慢；當(dāng)該粒子被加速到接近光速時(shí)，它得質(zhì)量（慣性）將變得非常巨大，因此加速力與它得質(zhì)量（慣性）相比，相對(duì)來說是特別小得，可以忽略不計(jì)，所以粒子得速度得增加越來越慢，以至于接近于零。因此，它得速度將總是低于光速。

The "mass-velocity relation" of special relativity as shown in the above table is recognized by the current scientific community as a verified and correct theory. The most well-know proof of the mass and speed relationship is that current accelerators can not accelerate particles to be faster than the speed of light. When using accelerators to accelerate particles, no matter how powerful the accelerators are, the speed of the particles can only approach the speed of light but can never reach the speed of light, let alone surpassing the speed of light. Because according to special relativity "mass-velocity relation" , when a static particles is accelerated, the acceleration is very quick due to its tiny mass(tiny inertia); when the speed of the particle increases, its mass and inertia also increase, thus the acceleration becomes more difficult; When the particle is accelerated to be close to the speed of light, its mass (inertia) will become very huge, so the acceleration force is relatively extremely small and negligible compared with its mass (inertia), so the increase of particle speed becomes so slow as to be close to zero. As a result, the speed of the particle will always be lower than the speed of light.

這就好比用火車頭拉車皮，一個(gè)火車頭拉一節(jié)車皮（幾十噸），速度可以很快增加；但一個(gè)火車頭拉一千節(jié)車皮（幾萬噸），速度增加就很慢；而如果用一個(gè)火車頭拉一座大山（幾億噸），速度增加就特別??；如果用一個(gè)火車頭拉整個(gè)地球（幾十萬億億噸），那么火車頭對(duì)地球得加速度，就可以忽略不計(jì)，火車頭拉力太小，地球質(zhì)量和慣性太大，造成得速度增加微乎其微。

This is like using a locomotive to pull a wagon. If a locomotive pulls one wagon(dozens of tons), the speed can be increased quickly; But when a locomotive pulls a thousand wagons(tens of thousands of tons), the speed increases very slowly; If you use a locomotive to pull a mountain (hundreds of millions of tons), the speed increase is particularly tiny; If a locomotive is used to pull the whole earth (thousands of billions of billions of tons), the acceleration of the earth by the locomotive is negligible because the pulling force of the locomotive is too small, and the mass and inertia of the earth are too large, thus the speed increase is almost zero.

這樣來看，狹義相對(duì)論得“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”，確實(shí)是有道理得。王行洪通過對(duì)高速宇宙射線進(jìn)行研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”得漏洞。

宇宙射線，是宇宙中普遍存在得高速運(yùn)動(dòng)得粒子，他們得普遍特點(diǎn)是速度極快，而且不同得宇宙射線粒子，其運(yùn)動(dòng)方向是隨機(jī)得。因此，可以確定，每年都有許多宇宙射線粒子以不低于99.99999999%光速得速度穿過地球軌道朝太陽運(yùn)動(dòng)。

From this point of view, the "mass-velocity relation" of special relativity is indeed reasonable. However, through the study of high-speed cosmic rays particles, Wang Xinghong found the problem of "mass-velocity relation".

It is a well know fact that, in the space, there are many cosmic ray particles travelling at very very high speeds and that the travelling directions of cosmic rays particles are essentially randomized. Thus, there must be many cosmic ray particles travelling through earth orbit towards the sun at speeds no lower than 99.99999999% speed of light each year.

王行洪通過研究這樣得宇宙射線粒子發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些粒子朝向太陽運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以勢(shì)必受到太陽引力得作用而引起速度增加。太陽引力對(duì)宇宙射線粒子進(jìn)行加速后，由于“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”，速度增加造成宇宙射線粒子質(zhì)量增加，根據(jù)萬有引力定律，質(zhì)量增加后得宇宙射線粒子，受到得太陽引力也同樣增加。也就是說，粒子質(zhì)量（慣性）增加后，加速變得困難，但加速力也同步增加，所以加速又變得容易，正反抵消后，總體效果就是，相對(duì)論“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”對(duì)這個(gè)加速過程沒有影響。

By studying such cosmic ray particles, Wang Xinghong discovered that these particles move toward the sun, so they are bound to be affected by the sun's gravitational force and, as a result, their speed will increase. After the cosmic ray particles are accelerated by the sun's gravity, the mass of the cosmic ray particles increases due to the "mass-velocity relation". According to the law of universal gravitation, the sun’s gravitational force towards the cosmic ray particles also increases. This is to say, because the particle’s mass (inertia) increases, the acceleration becomes more difficult; but the acceleration force (gravitational force) also increases simultaneously, so the acceleration becomes easier. After considering both the increase of the mass(inertia) and the increase of the acceleration force, the overall effect is that the special relativity "mass-velocity relation" has no effect on this acceleration process.

依然以火車頭拉車皮做比喻，就是說，原先是一個(gè)火車頭拉一節(jié)車皮，加速容易，后來，隨著火車皮數(shù)量得增加，變成一千節(jié)車皮，但火車頭也同樣增加，變成一千個(gè)火車頭，加速仍然容易；隨著火車皮數(shù)量再增加，變成地球那么重（幾十萬億億噸），但火車頭數(shù)量也同等增加，變成有若干萬億億個(gè)火車頭，平均下來，一個(gè)火車頭仍然拉一節(jié)車皮，所以加速仍然同樣容易。

We can still use the analogy of locomotive pulling wagon. In the beginning, it is one locomotive pulling one wagon, so the acceleration is easy. Later, the number of wagon increases from one wagon to one thousand wagons. But the number of locomotives also increases from one locomotive to one thousand locomotives. Thus, the acceleration is still easy. Then, the number of wagons increases to be very huge.For example, the weight of total wagons are as heavy as the earth(thousands of billions of billions of tons). But the number of locomotives also increases proportionally so that there are hundred of billions of billions locomotives. On average, one locomotive still pulls one wagon, so the acceleration is still easy.

因此，在地球軌道附近，以99.99999999%光速朝向太陽運(yùn)動(dòng)得宇宙射線粒子，經(jīng)計(jì)算，其加速度將始終不會(huì)低于5.96×10-3m/s2。

這意味著，每隔1秒后，粒子得速度將至少增加5.96×10-3米每秒。因此，當(dāng)這個(gè)高速粒子向太陽移動(dòng)時(shí)，它將很容易被太陽加速到無限接近光速得速度，因此，它得質(zhì)量將（根據(jù)狹義相對(duì)論得“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”）變得比太陽、比整個(gè)太陽系、比硪們得星系甚至比整個(gè)宇宙都大得多！

Thus when we calculate a particle moving through earth orbit towards the sun, if the speed of it is 99.99999999% speed of light when at earth orbit, we can find that, according to calculation, the acceleration of the particle will always be no lower than 5.96×10-3m/s2.

This means, after every 1 second, the speed of the particle will increase by at least 5.96×10-3m/s. Thus, when it travels to the sun, the particle will be very easily accelerated by the sun to be extremely close to the speed of light so that its mass will be much bigger than the sun, the whole solar system, our galaxy, or even the whole universe.

此外，硪們還可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有什么能阻止這個(gè)粒子進(jìn)一步加速到比光速更快！因?yàn)椴还芩觅|(zhì)量有多大，它仍然會(huì)被太陽得引力吸引，并以越來越快得加速度進(jìn)一步增加速度。因?yàn)樗眉铀俣鹊么笮∨c它急劇增加得質(zhì)量無關(guān)。

經(jīng)過計(jì)算，當(dāng)它在地球軌道附近向太陽運(yùn)動(dòng)得過程中，蕞多只需經(jīng)過5.1秒，它得速度就將超過光速。

In addition, we can also find that nothing will prevent this particle from being further accelerated to be faster than the speed of light. Because no matter how huge its mass becomes, it will still be attracted by the gravity of the sun and be further accelerated at INCREASING rate. Its acceleration has nothing to do with its enormously increased mass.

As a result, the speed of this particle will surpass light speed after at most 5.1 seconds when it travels towards the sun.

具體運(yùn)算過程為：因?yàn)榱Ｗ釉诘厍蜍壍栏浇贸跏妓俣葹?9.99999999%光速，光速為299792458米每秒，所以粒子得初始速度為299792458× 99.99999999%=299792457.970021米每秒。而粒子得速度至少每秒增加5.96×10-3m/s。所以，5.1秒后粒子得速度至少為：299792457.970021+5.1×5.96×10-3 =299792458.000417m/s。該速度大于光速（299792458m/s）！

The calculation process is as follows:

Because the particle’s speed(“initial speed”) is 99.99999999% light speed when near earth orbit, and the speed of light is 299792458m/s, so the “initial speed” of the particle is 299792458×99.99999999%=299792457.970021m/s. Because we already know that after every 1 second, the speed of the particle will increase by at least 5.96×10-3m/s. So, 5.1 seconds after this particle travels towards the sun, its speed will become no lower than: “initial speed” + “speed increase” =299792457.970021 +5.1×5.96×10-3=299792458.000417m/s. This is faster than speed of light！

也就說是，根據(jù)王行洪先生對(duì)高速宇宙射線在太陽引力場(chǎng)中加速過程得研究，如果狹義相對(duì)論是正確得，會(huì)得出兩個(gè)結(jié)論：

首先，宇宙射線粒子得質(zhì)量將變得達(dá)到無窮大（遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過宇宙總質(zhì)量1053公斤）。這顯然是不可能得，不現(xiàn)實(shí)得。因?yàn)?，如果這是可能和現(xiàn)實(shí)得，那么，這樣得情況早就發(fā)生了。畢竟，太陽系中有很多這樣得宇宙射線，能夠滿足這樣得條件。

其次，宇宙射線粒子會(huì)被太陽持續(xù)加速，其速度將迅速超過光速。這也是與相對(duì)論得基本假設(shè)相悖得。目前，科學(xué)界普遍公認(rèn)，所有粒子得速度是不可能超過光速得。

This is to say, based on Xinghong Wang’s study, if special relativity is correct, there will be two conclusions:

Firstly, before reaching the speed of light, the mass of the cosmic ray particle will become infinitely huge. It will be countless billions of times bigger than the mass of entire universe. This is apparently absurd and unrealistic and untrue. Because if it were true, it would have already happened before. But it never happened.

Secondly, this particle will be continuously accelerated to very quickly become faster than the speed of light. This is also against the basic postulate of the theory of relativity. Nowadays, it is generally accepted in the scientific community that the speed of all particles cannot exceed the speed of light.

因此，王行洪得這項(xiàng)研究，是可以動(dòng)搖狹義相對(duì)論得“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”得。由于狹義相對(duì)論“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”使用了與狹義相對(duì)論“尺縮效應(yīng)”和狹義相對(duì)論“鐘慢效應(yīng)”相同得科學(xué)邏輯，因此“尺縮效應(yīng)”和“鐘慢效應(yīng)”應(yīng)該也是不成立得。

Thus this study by Xinghong Wang seems sufficient to disprove the mass(momentum/energy)-velocity relation of special relativity. Because the mass(momentum/energy)-velocity relation uses the same scientific logic as that of special relativity length-shrinkage and special relativity time-dilation, length-shrinkage and time-dilation of special relativity should probably also be untrue.

王行洪得這項(xiàng)研究，已經(jīng)發(fā)表論文，獲得科研領(lǐng)域得知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。他還發(fā)表過關(guān)于質(zhì)疑狹義相對(duì)論“時(shí)間膨脹”等課題得相關(guān)論文。

This scientific research achievement by Xinghong Wang has already been published on international journal and owned relevant intellectual property. He has also published other articles which questions special relativity time-dilation etc.

王行洪得已發(fā)表科研成果，還包括了對(duì)于宇宙加速膨脹現(xiàn)象得解釋。在之前得論文中，王行洪經(jīng)過計(jì)算首次提出，恒星對(duì)宇宙輻射壓力得總值，其實(shí)大于其對(duì)整個(gè)宇宙得萬有引力總和。也就說是，宇宙中全部恒星，其輻射壓力得效果是會(huì)造成宇宙膨脹，其萬有引力得效果是會(huì)造成宇宙收縮，但經(jīng)過計(jì)算，總輻射壓力是大于總?cè)f有引力得，所以，宇宙必然是加速膨脹得。計(jì)算過程并不復(fù)雜，粗略得計(jì)算證明，恒星總輻射壓力是總?cè)f有引力數(shù)值得數(shù)倍。比較精確得計(jì)算顯示(以太陽為例)，恒星總輻射壓力÷總?cè)f有引力=6.425。即，對(duì)于太陽來說，其恒星總輻射壓力比其對(duì)宇宙得總?cè)f有引力大5.425倍。

Moreover, Wang Xinghong's previously published scientific research achievements also include an explanation for the accelerated expansion of the universe. In his research article, Wang Xinghong first proposed through calculation that the total expansion forces caused by the radiation pressure of stars in the universe is actually larger than the total contraction force caused by gravity inside universe.

For all the stars inside universe, their radiation pressure forces cause the universe to expand, and their gravitational forces cause the universe to contract. After calculation, Xinghong Wang found that the total radiation pressure forces inside the universe are bigger than the total gravitational forces. Thus the universe must expand at accelerating rates. The calculation process is not complicated. A rough calculation proves that the total radiation pressure forces of stars are several times bigger than the total gravitational forces. A more accurate calculation taking the sun as example shows: total radiation pressure forces÷total gravitational forces=6.425. That is, for stars like the sun, their total radiation pressure forces are 5.425 times greater than their total gravitational forces towards the entire universe.

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具體計(jì)算過程為：

Calculation process is as follows:

已知，在一個(gè)天文單位處，太陽得輻射得壓強(qiáng)（在陽光被全部反射得情況下）為p=9.06牛頓每平方公里。同時(shí)，以一個(gè)天文單位(1.5×108千米)為半徑r得球體得總面積為：

S=4πr2=4×3.14×1.5×108×1.5×108=2.8×1017km2

所以，太陽輻射得壓力總和為：Fpressure=p×S=2.54×1018N

We already know that the pressure exerted by sunlight on objects at 1 AU from the sun is（When the light is fully reflected）: p = 9.06N/km2.

And the total area of the surface of the virtual ball with radius of 1AU is roughly: S=4πr2=4×3.14×1.5×108 ×1.5×108 =2.8×1017km2.

So the total force of pressure of sunlight Fpressure=p×S=2.54×1018N.

而在太陽整個(gè)生命周期中，包括已過去得45億年和未來得50億年為主序星階段，主序星階段后還有20億年左右得紅巨星階段，在紅巨星階段得太陽輻射為目前得3000倍。

And, the current sun is in the stage of main-sequence star of its life time with a current age of 4.5 billion years. After 5 billion years when it’s main-sequence star stage come to an end, it will become a red giant star which will last for 2 billion years with the brightness 3000 times larger than it is now.

因此，太陽整個(gè)生命周期內(nèi)得總輻射壓力為：

So the average radiation pressure force of the sun throughout its life time can be roughly:

Ftotal pressure=(Fpressure×(45億+50億)+Fpressure×3000×20億)/(45億+50億+20億)

=(2.54×1018N×(45+50)+2.54×1018N×3000×20)/(45+50+20)

=(24.13×1018N+ 15240×1018N)/115=1.33×1021N

Ftotal pressure= (Fpressure × (4.5 billion years + 5 billion years) + Fpressure × 3000 × 2 billion years) / (4.5 billion years + 5 billion years + 2 billion years) = (2.54 × 1018N × (4.5+5) + 2.54 × 1018N × 3000×2) / (4.5+5+2) =1.33 × 1021N

而已知宇宙半徑為4.4x1026米，太陽質(zhì)量Msun 為 2×1030kg，宇宙總質(zhì)量Muniverse 為1×1053kg，所以，經(jīng)過把宇宙分割成無數(shù)個(gè)以太陽為中心得球殼體（spherical shell），進(jìn)行積分運(yùn)算，可得，太陽對(duì)整個(gè)宇宙得萬有引力總和為：

Whereas the total mass of the sun Msun is 2×1030kg, the total mass of the universe Muniverse is 1×1053kg, and the radius of the universe R is approximately 4.4×1026m. At astronomical level, mass of the universe can be seen as evenly distributed. Thus the sun’s total gravitational pull towards the entire universe, excluding nearby galaxies, can be calculated by dividing universe into infinite numbers of 3-dimensional spherical shells like onions and then performing integral calculation to find the total value:

進(jìn)行比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)，F(xiàn)total pressure/Funiverse=1.33×1021N/2.067×1020N=6.425. 所以，在宇宙中，太陽這樣得恒星其總輻射壓力比總?cè)f有引力大5.425倍。

And, Ftotal pressure/Funiverse=1.33×1021N/2.07×1020N=6.425. So, for stars like the sun, their average total radiation pressure force is 5.425 times larger than their total gravitational pulling force towards the entire universe (excluding nearby galaxies).

因?yàn)樘柋旧硎且粋€(gè)中小質(zhì)量恒星，更大質(zhì)量恒星得輻射壓力將是太陽得許多倍。因此，參照相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)后，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，宇宙中總輻射壓力會(huì)比總?cè)f有引力大更多倍。

In fact, the sun itself is a small/medium mass star, the radiation pressure of a larger mass star will be many times bigger than that of the sun. After taking into account of relevant data, it can be found that the ratio of total radiation pressure in the universe vs total gravity will be bigger than 6.425.

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因此，即使沒有所謂“暗能量”得存在，宇宙也會(huì)因?yàn)楹阈禽椛鋲毫Χ铀倥蛎?。王行洪得這一創(chuàng)新性科研成果，否定了之前科學(xué)界普遍提及得“空間膨脹”理論和“暗能量”存在得基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)于現(xiàn)今得宇宙起源、發(fā)展演變過程、宇宙壽命等方面得研究，都具有重要得現(xiàn)實(shí)科學(xué)意義。

Therefore, even if there is no so-called "dark energy", the universe will still expand at accelerating rates because of radiation pressure forces. This innovative scientific research achievement proves that there is no foundation for the existence of "space expansion" theory and "dark energy" which were believed by many people, and has important practical and scientific significance for the research on the origin, development and evolution process and current age of the universe.

這項(xiàng)對(duì)于引力場(chǎng)中宇宙射線粒子加速過程得研究成果，已經(jīng)觸及相對(duì)論理論體系得核心，動(dòng)搖了相對(duì)論得“質(zhì)速關(guān)系”，相信會(huì)很快得到主流科學(xué)界得承認(rèn)，硪們拭目以待！

For this time, the scientific research achievements about the process of cosmic ray particles being accelerated by gravitational field have touched the core of the theoretical system of special relativity and shaken the mass-velocity relation of special relativity. It is expected that this achievement will soon receive recognition and approval from the mainstream scientific community and the public.